Editing Earthball

{{Stub}}{{Infobox|Name={{I|Earth}} Earthball {{I|Earth}}|NativeName={{I|Latin}} <abbr title="Latin">Terrapila</abbr><br>|founded=|onlypredecessor=|predicon=|image=Dgxvqz1-c36bce1f-b5d5-4677-bf36-d84c3ef16f0e.png|textcolor=|themecolor=}}{{Quote|They don't call me Mother Earth for nothing|{{I|Earth}} Earthball}}
{{Quote|STOP CALLING ME FLAT! I shouldn't be surprised; I am infected with humans after all.|{{I|Earth}} Earthball}}
{{Quote|Hi, you're on a rock floating in space. Pretty cool, huh?|Bill Wurtz|history of the entire world, i guess}}
{{I|Earth}} '''Earthball''' {{I|Earth}} is the third planetball in the Solar System. It is a terrestrial planetball, and so far the only known planet to harbor life. 

When it is making presentations, it always misspells its name, possibly as a representation of its ego or Humanity's stupidity.

Some inhabitants of Earth believe in {{I|6}} [[6ball]]s, creatures that were not native to Earth. People once believed {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball|the moon]] had aliens, and then believed {{I|Mars}} [[Marsball|Mars]] had {{I|6}} [[6ball|aliens]]. Now it targets exoplanetballs and searches them for alien life. it is 12,756&nbsp;km in diameter (6378&nbsp;km in radius) and of 510,065,600&nbsp;km² in surface area.
==Composition==
{{I|Earth}} Earthball is a terrestrial planetball, meaning it is made of rocky materials. Its most common elements are iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, calcium, and aluminium. The remainder (1.2%) consists of trace elements.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball is divided into four layers. From outside to inside, they are the crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The core is mostly made of iron and nickel, while its crust is mostly made of oxides, such as silicates. The mantle is also mostly made of oxides (silicates and magnesium oxides being the most common) and possibly {{I|Theia}} [[Theiaball]]'s remains.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball can into magnetic field, thanks to heat from its molten core.

==Surface Features==
{{I|Earth}} Earthball holds many unusual surface features due to its unique climate. Its most notable surface features are its continents and oceans, which are the result of plate tectonics. Due to its atmosphere, there is a lack of craters due to its erosion. Plate tectonics constantly jostles its continents around, sometimes merging them into a single supercontinent. Plate tectonics is also responsible for creating many of {{I|Earth}} Earthball's mountain ranges and underwater trenches.

About 70% of {{I|Earth}} Earthball's surface is liquid water, with the remaining 20% being land.

==Atmosphere==
{{I|Earth}} Earthball's atmospheric pressure averages at 101.325 kPa (kiloPascals), with its height being about 8.5&nbsp;km. It is composed primarily (78%) of diatomic nitrogen, 21% diatomic oxygen, 0.9% argon, and 0.1% of trace elements.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball's life forms have changed its composition dramatically. For example, 2.7 billion years ago, photosynthetic organisms released oxygen into the atmosphere. Some of this oxygen formed the ozone layer, O<sub>3</sub>. For reference, "normal" (diatomic) oxygen is O<sub>2</sub>. Ozone protects {{I|Earth}} Earthball from ultraviolet radiation <s>({{I|Sun}} The Sun is a deadly lazer!)</s>. As another example, greenhouse gases (such as carbon dioxide and water vapor) have kept {{I|Earth}} Earthball warm. Without them, its temperature would be −18&nbsp;°C (0&nbsp;°F).

==Orbit - Rotation==
{{I|Earth}} Earthball's mean solar day is 86,400 seconds. This is 24 hours, but its exact rotation period varies slightly: 0 to 2 ms. Due to tidal interactions with {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]], its day is getting longer.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball's ''stellar day'' is 86,164.0989 seconds of mean solar time, or 23 hours, 56 minutes, and 4.0989 seconds.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball is the third planet from {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]], with an average orbital distance of 150 million km (93 million mi). This is the basis of the astronomical unit (abbreviated '''AU'''). Light from {{I|Sun}} the Sun takes about 8.3 minutes to reach the planet.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball takes 365.2564 mean solar days to make one orbit around {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]. This is called a sidereal year.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball is tilted about 23.4° relative to its orbital plane. Thus, the amount of sunlight that reaches the surface varies, depending on which hemisphere is tilted closer. This is what's responsible for {{I|Earth}} Earthball's seasons. It has four seasons: winter, spring, summer, and fall (or autumn). The longest day is the summer solstice (which occurs around 21 June), while the shortest is the winter solstice (around 21 December). During the spring and fall/autumn equinoxes, the amounts of day and night are equal (hence '''equi'''noxes) and occur around 20 March and 22–23 September respectively. The seasons are reversed for the other hemisphere. For example, if it's summer in the North, then it's winter in the South, and vice versa.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball's axial tilt undergoes precession, with a single precession taking about 25,800 years. This is due to tidal interactions with {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]] and {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]]. As a result, the current constellations will be unrecognizable within thousands of years, and {{I|Polaris}} [[Polarisball]] will no longer be the North Star.

Although {{I|Earth}} Earthball maintains a distance of about 1&nbsp;AU, the distance varies slightly. This means that, at certain times, it is closer to {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]; other times, it is further away. {{I|Earth}} Earthball's perihelion (this is when it's closest to {{I|Sun}} the Sun) occurs around 3 January; its aphelion (this is when it's furthest away from {{I|Sun}} the Sun) is around 4 July <s>[[USAball|FREEDOM!]]</s>. However, these dates change over time due to the [[Wikipedia:Milankovitch cycles|Milankovitch cycles]]. "Because the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun at about the same time that Earth reaches the closest approach to the Sun, the Southern Hemisphere receives slightly more energy from the Sun than does the northern over the course of a year. This effect is much less significant than the total energy change due to the axial tilt, and most of the excess energy is absorbed by the higher proportion of water in the Southern Hemisphere".<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth#Axial_tilt_and_seasons</ref> Despite all this, the changing distance has ''much'' less effect on {{I|Earth}} Earthball's climate than its axial tilt.

==Satellites==
{{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]] is Earthball's only natural satellite, and is composed mainly of silicates. It is rather large for Earthball's size. Earthball is also known to hold some quasi-satellites. However, recently, the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kordylewski_cloud kordylewski clouds] were confirmed to exist.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball and {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]] orbit around a barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When taking that barycenter's orbit around {{I|Sun}} the Sun into account, the synodic month (from new moon to new moon) is 29.53 days.

== History ==
=== Hadean (4,540–4,000 mya) ===
[[File:How moonball.png|100px|thumb]]
Like the rest of the solar system, {{I|Earth}} Earthball was born around 4.5 billion years ago. It formed through a process called ''accretion''. When {{I|Earth}} Earthball was massive enough, it underwent ''differentiation'', in which the heavier materials sank, while the lighter ones floated. This led to {{I|Earth}} Earthball's structure forming. Some time after, {{I|Earth}} Earthball <code>Anschlussed</code> a protoplanetball in orbit around its Lagrange point, {{I|Theia}} [[Theiaball]]. The debris formed a ring, which coalesced into {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]]. The collision also sped up {{I|Earth}} Earthball's rotation.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball can into oceans as early as 4.4 Ga and suffered through the Late Heavy Bombardment between 4.1 and 3.8 Ga. At the end of the Hadean, {{I|Earth}} Earthball can into cratons, which would be the basis for continents. After <code>Anschlussing</code> {{I|Theia}} [[Theiaball]] and {{I|Asteroid}} [[asteroidpotatoes]], volatiles outgassed from the surface, forming {{I|Earth}} Earthball's second atmosphere (the first was hydrogen and helium from the solar nebula), which mainly consisted of water vapor, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen.
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=== Archean (4,000–2,500 mya) ===
[[File:NASA-EarlyEarth-PaleOrangeDot-20190802.jpg|thumb|left|200px|An artist's impression of early Earth with its second atmosphere, rich with methane. It is comparable to {{I|Titan}} [[Titanball]]'s present-day atmosphere.]]
{{I|Earth}} Earthball could into life at the beginning of the Archean Eon, although they were simple, single-celled organisms. The oldest fossils are dated 4.1 billion years old. Through a complex process, involving various organic chemical reactions, the first life emerged around that time. For more detailed information, read [[Wikipedia:History of Earth#Origin of life|the origin of life section of the history of Earth]] and the [[Wikipedia:abiogenesis|abiogenesis]] articles. <!-- This is FAR too complex to summarize for a layperson -->

=== Proterozoic (2,500–538.8 mya) ===
[[File:Snowball Huronian.jpg|thumb|right|200px|An artist's impression of Earth completely covered in ice, without any surface liquid water.]]
In this time, cratons evolved to form modern-sized continents. Due to photosynthesis, {{I|Earth}} Earthball's life forms released oxygen into the atmosphere: the Great Oxygenation Event. {{I|Earth}} Earthball underwent several ice ages, called "Snowball Earth."

Due to {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]'s evolution, it has been getting brighter; in the past, it was less luminous than at present. Thus, {{I|Earth}} Earthball was cooler. Around 2.5 Ga, the Huronian glaciation began and ended 2.2 Ga. However, "Snowball Earth" now usually refers to ice ages during the Cryogenian period (720–635 mya), with the entire surface covered in solid water ice. Temperatures were −50&nbsp;°C (−58&nbsp;°F). The supercontinent Rodinina being near the equator may also be to blame.

Until now, all life forms were prokaryotes (lacking a nucleus). Around 2 billion years ago, eukaryotes evolved. These cells have nuclei and are usually more complex. Also around this time, a bacterial cell entered a larger prokaryote. The prokaryote tried, and failed, to digest the bacteria, allowing the bacteria to survive. The two cells entered into a symbiotic relationship; thus, the first organelles (more specifically mitochondria) were born.

Around 1.1 billion years ago, plant, animal, and fungi cells split from each other. Due to division of labor, organelles began to take on special roles.

[[File:Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg|thumb|left|100px|Reconstruction of Pannotia]]
Between 1000 and 830 million years ago, the supercontinent Rodinia existed, which may have been preceded by Nuna and Columbia. Around 550 Ma, a new supercontinent, called either Pannotia or Vendia, formed, and lasted into the the end of the the Proterozoic eon.

With the beginning of the Ediacaran period, multicellular life diversified.

=== Phanerozoic (538.8 mya–present) ===
The Cambrian Explosion occurred about 538.8 million years ago, marking the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon. This is {{I|Earth}} Earthball's current eon. The Cambrian Explosion saw a sudden increase of complex life. The Phanerozoic Eon is split into three eras.

The Paleozoic lasted from 538.8 to 251.9 Ma. Plants began colonizing the land, followed by animals. With plants now on land, {{I|Earth}} Earthball's started to look green.

Around 445 Ma, the first of the "big five" extinction events, the Late Ordovician, occurred. Its cause was likely a glaciation of Gondwana, leading to a Snowball Earth. The next one, the Late Devonian, occurred 372 Ma. 70% of {{I|Earth}} Earthball's species became extinct.

[[File:PangeaMapNew.png|thumb|right|100px|Pangaea with modern countryballs]]
Around 335 Ma, the remains of Rodinia and Pannotia formed Pangaea, the most recent supercontinent.

The Mesozoic lasted from 251.9 Ma to 66 Ma. The beginning was marked by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, also known as the Great Dying. This was {{I|Earth}} Earthball's most severe extinction event, in which 95% of {{I|Earth}} Earthball's life died. The fourth, the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event, led to the extinctions of most synapsids and archosaurs. Then, the Mesozoic ended with the fifth: the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, in which {{I|Earth}} Earthball <code>Anschlussed</code> an {{I|Asteroid}} [[asteroidpotatoes|asteroid]], wiped out the dinosaurs. By this time, Pangaea had broken apart.

[[File:Qt31qfmzhz181.png|thumb|left|100px|And the dinosaurs are gone!]]
The Cenozoic began 66 Ma. The survivors of the previous extinction event, including mammals and birds, diversified further. [[Indiaball]] collided with Asia, creating the Himalayas. Then, <s>MONKE</s> apes began evolving further. Thus, the first caveball—<s>Gneurshk</s> {{I|4}} [[4ball]]—was born 2 Ma.
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== Future ==
=== Countryballs ===
Currently, {{I|Earth}} Earthball is in its sixth mass extinction event, mostly caused by countryballs: The Holocene extinction. It is estimated that 30% of {{I|Earth}} Earthball's species could be extinct in the next 100 years. Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide has increased 50%. The effects of today's climate change could last five million years. Countryballs could make themselves extinct in many ways, including AI, [[Wikipedia:World War III|World War III]], and even climate change. If they do go extinct, then most countryball-made structures will decay.

=== Geologic changes ===
Between 30,000 and 50,000 years, Niagara Falls will not of exist anymore. In 100,000 years, {{I|Hawaii}} [[Hawaiiball]]'s clay will shift and/or sink.

Due to precession, the current constellations will be unrecognizable in thousands of years. Due to tidal interactions with {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]], {{I|Earth}} Earthball's day with lengthen, and {{I|Moon}} Moonball will move further away.

Around 50 million years from now, Africa will collide with Europe, closing the Mediterranean Sea. {{I|Antarctica}} [[Antarcticaball]] will move north and likely join with {{I|Australia}} [[Australiaball]]'s clay and return to the South Pole. The others will form the next supercontinent—Pangaea Proxima or Pangaea Ultima—around 250 million years from now. By this time, the {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]] will have made one trip around the {{I|Black Hole}} [[Sagittarius A*ball|the Galactic Center]] from its present position.

Soon, Pangaea Proxima/Ultima will break apart. Much like Pangaea, {{I|Earth}} Earthball will likely experience global warming during its break-up.

=== Extinction of life ===
{{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]'s luminosity increases 1% every 110 million years. As a result, in 600 million years, {{I|Earth}} Earthball will not have enough carbon dioxide for C<sub>3</sub> photosynthesis, slowly leading to the extinction of plants. Around the same time, {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]] will be too far away from {{I|Earth}} Earthball for total solar eclipses to happen. C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis can still happen. Due to rising temperatures, {{I|Earth}} Earthball's life will be restricted to the polar regions. Without plants, the amount of oxygen (and ozone) will decrease, causing deadly <s>lazers</s> UV radiation to damage DNA. Thus, animals will start dying off, larger ones first.

Any remaining life forms, now only at the poles or underground, could adapt ''aestivation'': hibernating in the summer instead of the winter. {{I|Earth}} Earthball's surface will slowly turn into a desert, and marine life will start going extinct. {{I|Earth}} Earthball will no longer into multicellular life 800 million years from now and eukaryotes in 1.3 billion years.

In 1.1 billion years from now, the {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]] will be 10% brighter than today, and {{I|Earth}} Earthball's temperature will be 320 K (47&nbsp;°C; 116&nbsp;°F). Due to the increased heat, {{I|Earth}} Earthball will lose its oceans. Without them, plate tectonics will cease, and liquid water itself will be restricted to the poles. 

In 1.5 billion years, {{I|Moon}} Moonball will be too far away to stabilize {{I|Earth}} Earthball's tilt, causing it to be dynamic. Prokaryotes will likely go extinct between 1.6 and 2.8 billion years from now, when its temperature will be 422 K (149&nbsp;°C; 300&nbsp;°F), even at the poles. At this point, {{I|Earth}} Earthball cannot into life.

{{I|Earth}} Earthball's inner core is expanding. Around 3–4 billion years from now, it will <code>Anschluss</code> most or all of the outer core, meaning {{I|Earth}} Earthball will no longer into magnetic field and, thus, a habitable atmosphere. At the same time, due to the {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]'s increased luminosity (35–40% more than today), {{I|Earth}} Earthball will likely transform into an even more hellish version of {{I|Venus}} [[Venusball]]: its temperature could reach 1,600 K (1,330&nbsp;°C; 2,420&nbsp;°F), hot enough to melt rock, with pressures likely being more than 200 times its present value. At this point, the atmosphere will mostly be made of carbon dioxide and water vapor. Eventually, {{I|Venus}} Earthball will lose its biosignatures, as they get replaced with abiotic phenomena.

With a hellish surface and no life left, {{I|Venus}} Earthball will take part in the {{I|Milky Way}}{{I|Andromeda}} Milky Way–Andromeda collision. There is a chance that the solar system will be ejected from the new galaxy. These events will most likely not affect the solar system's evolution.

=== Red giant Sun ===
[[File:Red Red Giant Love bluesydinosaur.png|thumb|100px|right]]
{{I|Venus}} Earthball will remain in this hellish state until {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]] begins evolving to a <code>{{I|Red Giant}} red giant</code>. When {{I|Sun}} [[Sunball]]'s age reaches 12&nbsp;billion years, it will achieve its maximum luminosity: 2,730 times greater than today. As a result, {{I|Venus}} Earthball will lose its atmosphere. <code>{{I|Red Giant}} Sunball</code> will lose mass to the solar wind, causing its planets' orbits to expand. In particular, {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball's will expand to, at most, 1.5&nbsp;AU.

However, tidal interactions with <code>{{I|Red Giant}} Sunball</code> will cancel out {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball's orbital expansion; in fact, its orbit will ''decay''. Also due to tidal interactions, {{I|Moon}} [[Moonball]] will stop moving away from {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball; in fact, it could come back. Once it crosses {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball's Roche limit, it will turn into a ring system, with the ring particles merging with {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball. Its most likely fate is to be <code>Anschlussed</code> by <code>{{I|Red Giant}} Sunball</code> 7.59&nbsp;billion years from now. Due to the extreme heat, Earthball's crust will melt, followed by its mantle, and finally, its core.

=== Beyond ===
If {{I|Venus|(old)}} Earthball somehow survives being <code>Anschlussed</code> by <code>{{I|Red Giant}} Sunball</code>, it will become cold and dark, like all the other planets. {{I|Black}} Earthball would then be orbiting a {{I|White Dwarf}} white dwarf. If {{I|Moon}} Moonball somehow survives, it and {{I|Black}} Earthball will become tidally locked to each other 50&nbsp;billion years from now. In 65&nbsp;billion years from now, {{I|Black}} Earthball will <code>Anschluss</code> {{I|Moon}} Moonball. By 1&nbsp;quadrillion years from now, all remaining planetballs will be ejected from {{I|White Dwarf}} Sunball due to encounters with stellar remnants. That means they will be rogue planets orbiting {{I|Black Hole}} the center. {{I|Black}} Earthball will continue orbiting for around 10<sup>19</sup> more years before it is ejected or is <code>Anschlussed</code> by a {{I|Black Hole}} supermassive [[black holeball]]. If {{I|Black}} Earthball is not ejected, then its orbit will decay via gravitational radiation until it collides {{I|Black Dwarf}} Sunball in 10<sup>20</sup> (100 quintillion) years. If proton decay can occur and {{I|Black}} Earthball is ejected to intergalactic space, then it will last around 10<sup>38</sup> (100 undecillion) years before evaporating into radiation.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Earth</ref>

==How to draw==
[[File:638831main globe east 2048.jpg|thumb|left|150px|A real-life photo of Earth for reference]]
Drawing Earthball is moderately easy, but can be difficult when you try to get as much details as possible.
# Draw a blue circle.
# Draw some continents, use a dark green color for the Americas, Europe, East and Southeast Asia, Oceania and half of Africa's land. Use a tan color for the northern part of Africa, the Middle East, the western parts of {{I|USA}} [[USAball]], and the center parts of {{I|Australia}} [[Australiaball]]. Use a brown color for Central Asia, {{I|Afghanistan}} [[Afghanistanball]], {{I|Pakistan}} [[Pakistanball]], the eastern parts of {{I|China}} [[Chinaball]], the northern parts of {{I|India}} [[Indiaball]], and other places with a high elevation. Use the white color for {{I|Antarctica}} [[Antarcticaball]] and other cold areas.
# OPTIONAL: Draw the clouds.
# Draw the eyes and you're finished.

==Gallery==
{{GalleryArticle}}
{{Category Planets}}

==References==
[[Category:Balls]]
[[Category:Female]]
[[Category:Planetballs]]
[[Category:Space]]
[[Category:Solar System]]
[[Category:Milky Way]]
[[Category:Earthball]]
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